Arduino

Please follow the circuit diagram given.

Connections are:

Potentiometer T1 to Arduino pin 5v
Potentiometer T2 to Arduino pin GND
Potentiometer Out to Arduino pin A0

Led + to 13
Led – to GND

Welcome to our project of building automatically controlled traffic lights.

Materials:

Red LED                                 x 1
Yellow LED                             x 1
Green LED                              x 1
220Ω resistor                         x 3
Arduino-Genuino Uno           x 1
Breadboard                           x 1
Male to Male jumper wires    x 4

Explanation of Materials:

Resistor:

A resistor is used to decrease the current power for the led. There are many types of resistors. We differentiate by their color codes. The diagram given on the right is just given for your reference.

Led

As shown in the image on the left

The long terminal which is the anode is the positive terminal of the led.

The short terminal which is the cathode is the negative terminal of the led.

Arduino-Genuino Uno

The parts of the Arduino Uno are given.

The pins at the right of the board from 13 to 2 are output and input pins.

The 1 and 0 pins are the TX and RX pins

The lower pins on the left are analog input pins

The upper left pins are the 5v, GND and other pins.

BreadBoard:

The solderless breadboard is ideal for testing projects.The diagram is given:

At the bottom of the breadboard, the sides of the breadboard are connected together There are 1 positive and 1 negative rails on each side.

In the between each row has 5 pins connected.

For the explanation video, see:

In this video I have shown the function of the parts i have used in this project.

Connection Explanaton Video:
 

In this video I have explained how the connections work in project

The #define function defines the

‘1 parameter’ Red_pin as the ‘2 parameter’ 8.

We can’t change the no. by adding as it is a constant.

void setup() {
// initialize digital pin 13 as an output.
pinMode(Red_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Yellow_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Green_pin, OUTPUT);

}

The void setup function runs the code only once.

The pinMode(Red_pin, OUTPUT) inside the void setup function defines the pin no. which is the first parameter, and the function that is the output which is the second parameter.

void loop() {
digitalWrite(Red_pin, HIGH);
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(Yellow_pin, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(Red_pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(Yellow_pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(Green_pin, HIGH);
delay(3000);

The void loop function runs the program forever. We have to upload another program to stop it. The digitalWrite function switches off and on the given pin no. In digitalWrite(Red_pin, HIGH);  the 1st parameter is the pin no we want to output to and the 2nd parameter is the state of the pin. HIGH/1 is on and LOW/0 is off. The delay function stops the program for the given milliseconds.

Code Explanation Video:

Testing:

Now we have understood the code and the connections and code, so let’s test our project

1.Upload the code

2.See the arduino uno board for the results

For any queries or comments, please email me at hello.aiversity@gmail.com.